<p>The Cincinnati Police Station at 3201 Warsaw Avenue opened December 31, 1908. It was a combined station house and patrol house, which accommodated 40 patrolmen, a patrol wagon, and 16 horses for mounted patrol. Designated the Ninth District and Patrol Nine upon opening, it was re-designated as District 3 in 1927.</p><br>
<p>On December 14, 2008, community groups joined with the police department and the Greater Cincinnati Police Historical Society to celebrate the buildings centennial. A plaque on front of the building commemorates that event. District 3s operations moved from this building to a new station in June 2015. The station on Warsaw Avenue station is still used by Cincinnati Police Traffic Units.</p><br>
<p>Police Station No. 3 is a registered historic building in Cincinnati, Ohio, listed in the National Register on May 18, 1981.</p><br>
<h2>Historic uses</h2><br>
<p>Correctional Facility</p><br>
<p>Police Station Five was a historic police station in the West End neighborhood of Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. Constructed in the 1890s to serve both regular police and the city&#39;s patrol service, it was named a historic site in the late twentieth century, but historic designation was unable to save it from destruction.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Other than Chicago, which formed a patrol service in 1877, Cincinnati was the first city in the United States to establish a horse-mounted patrol service to provide general emergency services. When the first patrol force was formed at the end of 1881, its officers rode in horse-drawn carts that carried medical equipment such as surgical tools and stretchers in addition to police paraphernalia. Besides their responsibilities of supporting the regular police force, patrol officers watched for fires, and horse-mounted patrols provided police service in sparsely-populated parts of the city in which foot patrols were inconvenient. Their services were essential during emergencies, such as the chaos of early 1884: patrol officers rescued those endangered by dangerous Ohio River flooding and sought to maintain order during the courthouse riots. Horse-powered patrols were replaced by patrol cars and motorcycles in the 1910s and 1920s.</p><br>
<p>Originally an English immigrant working lowly jobs for established architects, Hannaford raised himself into public prominence by producing such grand buildings as Music Hall, and the built environments of Cincinnatis wealthier neighborhoods were filled with Hannaford-designed buildings by the end of the nineteenth century. At the age of 62, Hannaford retired in 1897, they had previously been based at the former City Stables, and the construction of the new building was mandated by the Stables poor structural condition. It was also constructed with space for the police. During the twentieth century, the station saw a conversion from simple patrol usage into being the precinct headquarters for the city&#39;s fifth police district. It remained in official use until 1957, when a replacement police station opened on Ludlow Avenue, but it remained in city ownership. A contracting firm bought the building from the city in late 1980. City officials hoped to see its preservation and redevelopment, but the new owners sold it in 1984 to another company that demolished the building and replaced it with a parking lot.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Built of brick with elements of sandstone, Police Station Five rested on a stone foundation. The Romanesque Revival style dominated, although Queen Anne was also present. Components such as brick corbeling and ashlar stonework laid in belt courses contributed to the appearance of its symmetrical design. Despite stylistic differences, Police Station Five closely resembles Police Stations Two and Three, neoclassical structures downtown and on the city&#39;s west side: all three were built with similar massing and with symmetrical two-story structures, and covered with flat roofs. Contributing to the design similarities were practical necessities: when built, all three housed both police and patrol, and the form of Police Station Five was dictated by its placement in a neighborhood of rowhouses with deep lots of narrow width; its horse-mounted patrol could only access their section of the building via side and rear doors facing alleyways.</p><br>
<h2>Historic site</h2><br>
<p>In early 1973, 67 acre of land in Cincinnati&#39;s West End was designated the Dayton Street Historic District and listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Comprising approximately four hundred contributing properties, the historic district encompassed four blocks of York Street, including Police Station Five. The station was individually added to the Register in 1980 as part of a multiple property submission of Hannaford-designed buildings, and one year later it was included in another multiple property submission of Cincinnati patrol stations. Even though no police station has occupied the lot at 1024-1026 York Street since the 1980s, the property remains on the National Register.</p><br>
<p>The John C. Pollock House is a historic residence in the city of Wyoming, Ohio, United States. Erected in the 1870s, it was originally the home of a prosperous businessman, and it has been designated a historic site because of its architecture.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>One story tall and equipped with a walk-out basement, the Pollock House is a weatherboarded structure with a stone foundation, a metal roof, and other elements of wood. Hoods are placed over the windows, and a small porch shelters the main entrance. One of the areas best Italianate cottages, the houses general plan features an ell, which the main entrance faces and into which the porch is placed. Some of the house&#39;s most elaborate features appear on the porch, including its delicate balustrade, the transom window over the front door, and chamfered pillars. Placed at different parts of the exterior are wide eaves with cornice, while the window hoods feature "gingerbread" carven brackets and decorative bargeboards. Combined with other lesser features, these elements produce the appearance of a master-designed house on a small scale.</p><br>
<h2>Historic context</h2><br>
<p>Good transportation is a leading reason for Wyoming&#39;s prosperity. The city lies near the old pre-statehood road that connected Cincinnati with locations farther north, such as Fort Hamilton and Fallen Timbers. Curves in the road were cut off in 1806, forming a new road that is today followed by Springfield Pike through central Wyoming. Improvements in the 1830s only enhanced its importance. By this time, another mode of transportation had become significant: the Miami and Erie Canal was built a short distance to the east in 1828, and the village of Lockland grew up along its side. Railroads reached the city in 1851 with the construction of the Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Dayton Railroad on the border between Lockland and Wyoming.</p><br>
<p>Because of Wyoming&#39;s proximity to the industry of Lockland, its easy transportation to the booming city of Cincinnati, and its pleasant scenery, many wealthy industrialists purchased local farms and built grand country houses. Most such houses were built in the Wyoming Hills area, west of Springfield Pike; growth in this area continued until the coming of the Great Depression. John C. Pollock was among the businessmen building these houses; he was one of the partners in a Cincinnati insurance firm, Pollock and Whittlesey.</p><br>
<h2>Historic site</h2><br>
<p>In 1979, a local historic preservation group began a citywide survey to identify Wyoming&#39;s historic buildings, and this effort culminated with a multiple property submission of eighteen houses, the Wyoming Presbyterian Church, and one historic district to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. Along with all but one of the other properties, the Pollock House was listed on the Register in the following year, qualifying because of its historically significant architecture. It is one of five Reily Road houses included in this group, along with the Charles Fay House, the Luethstrom-Hurin House, the Louis Sawyer House, and the William Stearns House.</p><br>
<p>The Henry Powell House is a historic house in the Mount Auburn neighborhood of Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. Constructed in the mid-19th century, it experienced a radical transformation near the end of the century under the direction of a leading regional architect. This French-style residence has been named a historic site.</p><br>
<p>William Powell established a Cincinnati metalworking firm in 1846 under the name of "Powell Valve and Brassworks Company". Among his sons was Henry Powell, who became wealthy enough to finance the construction of a larger and more ornate house. This residence, the present house, was constructed in 1858. The Powell House was reconstructed during Hannaford&#39;s longest period of independent practice: his reputation solidified by his design of Music Hall, Hannaford operated without partners from 1877 until 1887. During this time, he produced many buildings in various Victorian architectural styles.</p><br>
<p>Today, the Powell House is a brick building with stone foundation and a slate roof, plus additional elements of brick and wood. Three stories tall, the facade is divided into three bays, with the wooden porch extending across the entire width of the first story. More decorations are present on the porch than on any other sections of the exterior, due to components such as an exceptional balustrade and an unusually flat mansard roof featuring a cornice with dentils; the structure comprises similar sides that differ substantially from the central section.</p><br>
<p>In 1973, much of Mount Auburn was designated the Mount Auburn Historic District and added to the National Register of Historic Places. The historic district embraced both sides of Auburn Avenue throughout the neighborhood, and the Powell House was considered important enough to the district&#39;s integrity that it was designated a contributing property. Although it was already part of the district, the house was added to the Register again in 1980, this time by itself; it was part of a group of dozens of buildings designed by Samuel Hannaford, nominated as a multiple property submission due to their place as examples of the work of the most important architect to practice in nineteenth-century Cincinnati.</p><br>
<p>The Probasco Fountain is a large fountain in Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. Built of bronze on a base of granite, the fountain was constructed in 1887 according to a design by Samuel Hannaford.</p><br>
<p>The fountain is named for its donor, Henry Probasco, a Cincinnati resident who also gave the city the Tyler Davidson Fountain. Built as a drinking fountain for the residents of the surrounding neighborhood of Clifton, it is composed of four separate drinking basins: one each for humans, horses, dogs, and birds. Measuring 10 ft high, the fountain is composed of a central column that is crowned with a piece shaped like the cap of a mushroom.</p><br>
<p>Located along Clifton Avenue near that street&#39;s intersection with Woolper Avenue, the Probasco Fountain is a contributing property to the Clifton Avenue Historic District, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. In 1980, the fountain itself was added to the Register, along with dozens of other buildings designed by Samuel Hannaford in Cincinnati and other parts of Hamilton County.</p><br>
<p>Henry Probasco House is a registered historic, single-dwelling house in the Clifton neighborhood of Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. It was built from 1859–1866 for Henry Probasco and his wife, Julia Amanda, on a 20 acre estate. Probasco is known for donating the Tyler Davidson Fountain to the city. The house was listed in the National Register on November 9, 1972.</p><br>
<p>In 1856 Henry Probasco toured Europe and was inspired upon his return to the United States to build his home, "Oakwood," in the country. The home was built in the Norman Romanesque Revival style which gained popularity in the mid 19th century. The architect was William Tinsley and "Oakwood" was his only Romanesque design. Isaac Graveson is reported as the manufacturer and Francis Pedretti as the interior designer. By the end of construction in 1866 the cost to build the home was $500,000. Tinsley decided to unite limestone and sandstone in the construction of "Oakwood" which was successful and influenced the use of those materials in future residences in Cincinnati. The initials "HP" for Henry Probasco and "JA" for Julia Amanda are located on the gable along with the date "1860." Tinsley also put his monogrammed initials "T" over a "W." The house is 170 ft. long and 70 ft. wide, fronting southwardly.</p><br>
<p>The Ransley Apartment Building is a historic apartment building in the Walnut Hills neighborhood of Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. Built in the 1890s, it was designed by one of Cincinnati&#39;s most important architects, and it has been named a historic site.</p><br>
<p>During the late 19th century, S.C. and L.A. Ransley were a pair of businessmen in Cincinnati; by the 1890s, they owned a chain of three confectionery stores in various parts of the city. One of their properties was located along Kemper Lane on the southeastern corner of its intersection with McMillan Street, and it was here that they chose to erect a large new structure with plenty of residential space. To design the building, they chose prominent architect Samuel Hannaford, the regionally famous architect celebrated for designing important city buildings such as City Hall and Music Hall.</p><br>
<p>Three and a half stories tall, the Ransley Apartment Building is built of both brick and stone; the stonework is the ashlar of the first floor, while the other floors are brick. One enters the building through a recessed main doorway on the first floor, framed by a large stone archway; inscriptions "The Ransley" and "A.D. 1895" appear on and around the archway. Among the other major components of the design is a turret on the buildings main corner, facing the intersection. Although the buildings architecture has been described as a generic "Victorian", many of its components evince clear Romanesque Revival themes.</p><br>
<p>In early 1980, the Ransley was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying because of its historically significant architecture. It was part of a large group of Hannaford-designed buildings added to the Register together as a multiple property submission: 55 buildings composed the whole group, including 4 apartment buildings.</p><br>
<p>The Bernard Ratterman House is a historic house in the Over-the-Rhine neighborhood of Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. Constructed in the middle of the nineteenth century to a design by an unknown architect, Built of brick with sandstone and iron elements, it includes features such as an ornate cornice, stone window trim, lug sills with brackets, and rare details such as crafted acorns.</p><br>
<p>Bernard Ratterman, the original resident, was a white-collar worker; after the house was completed in 1865, he and his family resided in it for several years, during which time he floated among various jobs. Since his familys departure from the house, it has been well-maintained; the houses well-preserved architecture qualified it for addition to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. As well, the Ratterman House is a contributing property to the Over-the-Rhine Historic District, which was designated a historic district and added to the National Register in 1983.</p><br>
<p>The Heinrich A. Rattermann House was a historic residence in the West End neighborhood of Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. Built in 1860,</p><br>
<p>Born in 1832 in Osnabrück, Rattermann and his parents moved to the United States in 1845. In the following year, they moved to Cincinnati, where he worked at a lumberyard for more than a decade before founding a fire insurance company for German-Americans. At the age of sixty-three, he moved into a house on York Street in the West End; into the late twentieth century, this three-story residence was one of the area&#39;s best Italianate houses. Among its architectural elements was a prominent bracketed cornice around the edge of the flat roof.</p><br>
<p>In 1980, Rattermann&#39;s house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, both because of its connection to Rattermann and because of its historic and well-preserved architecture. Despite its landmarked status, the house has been destroyed; the site is now an empty lot. Nevertheless, the building remains listed on the National Register.</p><br>
<p>The Rawson House is a historic building along Clifton Avenue in Cincinnati, Ohio, United States.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Erected circa 1870, it has been ranked as a fine example of the Italian Villa style of architecture. Built with brick walls and elements of wood and stone, it was originally the home of Jacob Lloyd Wayne. Later, the house was sold to Joseph Rawson, who was the president of a local meat packing firm and then the vice-president of the city&#39;s First National Bank.</p><br>
<h2>National Register of Historic Places</h2><br>
<p>In 1973, the Rawson House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Non-archaeological historic sites in the United States qualify to be listed on the National Register by passing any of three different criteria: significant historical role, relation to a historically significant person, or historically significant architecture. It is possible for properties to meet more than one criterion; the Rawson House fit all three. Five years later, a group of properties along Clifton Avenue were designated a historic district, the Clifton Avenue Historic District; the Rawson House is a contributing property to that district.</p><br>
<p>The Rennert Mound Archeological District is a group of archaeological sites in the southwestern part of the USA state of Ohio. Located west of Elizabethtown in Hamilton County, the site is composed of one Native American mound and the remnants of two others, spread out over an area of 40 acre.</p><br>
<p>The central part of the district is the Rennert Mound (also known as the "Minnie Rennert Mound" Due to its location and shape, the mound is believed to have been built by Adenan or Hopewellian peoples, both of which typically buried many bodies and large numbers of grave goods within mounds of this size. Another mound was once located approximately 90 ft to the west, but it has been destroyed. The preservation of the one mound despite the destruction of the other is likely due to recent intervention: in the early twentieth century, landowner John Rennert planted trees all around this mound to preserve it, but he made no such efforts around the other mounds.</p><br>
<p>Three mounds once composed the Rennert complex, but neither of the others can be distinguished from the surrounding landscape; however, it is believed that an archaeological investigation might be able to discover their locations. Consequently, like the Rennert Mound, the bases of these two mounds are potential archaeological sites. Yet other sites have been found in the vicinity: a somewhat smaller mound tops a hill to the north, and the Wesley Butler Archeological District, composed of multiple mounds and a village site, lies just to the southwest. In 1975, the Rennert Mound and the sites of the two destroyed mounds were listed on the National Register of Historic Places for their archaeological significance.</p><br>
<p>The William Resor House is a historic residence on Greendale Avenue in Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. Built in 1843, at which time the house was turned to face Greendale Avenue. When built, the house was a simple box in the Greek Revival style, and it assumed its present Second Empire appearance only after an intermediate period in which the style was a generic Victorian. The previous occupant of the site had been a summer cottage.</p><br>
<p>The Resor House was built for William Resor, a wealthy businessman who had become prominent in Cincinnati society through the prosperity of his stove factory. In his old age, Resor participated in such civic activities as the establishment of the Cincinnati Zoo and the creation of the Cincinnati Art Museum.</p><br>
<p>In 1973, the Resor House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, due to its well-preserved historic architecture. Five years later, it was one of many properties in the Clifton neighborhood designated a historic district, the Clifton Avenue Historic District, and added together to the Register.</p><br>
<p>The W.C. Retszch House is a historic residence in the city of Wyoming, Ohio, United States. Built at the opening of the late nineteenth century, it was originally the home of a Cincinnati-area businessman, and it has been designated a historic site because of its distinctive architecture.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Two and a half stories tall and built on a stone foundation, the weatherboarded Retzsch House features an asphalt roof and elements of wood and iron. Although it features some Colonial Revival and American Foursquare influences, it is primarily a Neoclassical structure, featuring elements such as a pediment and Ionic columns on the massive wrap-around porch with a fragile narrow balustrade. Situated in the center bay of the facade, the main entrance is framed by sidelights and a transom window of leaded art glass. Chimneys are placed on both ends of the house, with a four-over-four pedimented dormer window in the middle. Much of the exterior is topped by a prominent cornice, and the entire property is framed by a large wrought iron fence.</p><br>
<h2>Historic context</h2><br>
<p>Good transportation is a leading reason for Wyoming&#39;s prosperity. The city lies near the old pre-statehood road that connected Cincinnati with locations farther north, such as Fort Hamilton and Fallen Timbers. Curves in the road were cut off in 1806, forming a new road that is today followed by Springfield Pike through central Wyoming. Improvements in the 1830s only enhanced its importance. By this time, another mode of transportation had become significant: the Miami and Erie Canal was built a short distance to the east in 1828, and the village of Lockland grew up along its side. Railroads reached the city in 1851 with the construction of the Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Dayton Railroad on the border between Lockland and Wyoming.</p><br>
<p>Because of Wyoming&#39;s proximity to the industry of Lockland, its easy transportation to the booming city of Cincinnati, and its pleasant scenery, many wealthy industrialists purchased local farms and built grand country houses. Most such houses were built in the Wyoming Hills area, west of Springfield Pike; growth in this area continued until the coming of the Great Depression. W.C. Retszch was among the most prominent of these industrialists, having built the house in 1907 while occupying the presidency of the National Label Company.</p><br>
<h2>Historic site</h2><br>
<p>In 1979, a local historic preservation group began a citywide survey to identify Wyoming&#39;s historic buildings, and this effort culminated with a multiple property submission of eighteen houses, the Wyoming Presbyterian Church, and one historic district to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. Along with all but one of the other properties, the Retszch House was listed on the Register in the following year, qualifying because of its historically significant architecture and because of its connection to W.C. Retszch.</p><br>
<p>The Riddle–Friend House is a historic residence in Wyoming, Ohio. Constructed in the early nineteenth century, it has been home to some of the areas earliest residents, and it has been named a historic site as a rare survivor of the citys earliest years.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Built of brick on a stone foundation, the Riddle–Friend House features wooden elements and is covered with an asphalt roof. The two-story facade is divided into five bays, with a portico-framed entrance in the middle bay of the first floor. Chimneys sit atop the gables on both ends, well above the roofs of single-story wings. Unusually, it features a combination of architectural styles: the Federal, the Italianate, and the Neoclassical.</p><br>
<h2>Historic context</h2><br>
<p>The Riddle–Friend House occupies land that was first owned by John Riddle, a prominent American military leader in the region around the time of the Treaty of Greenville. In 1836, four years after the house was built, Riddle gave much of his wide holdings to his son Isaac, one of Wyoming&#39;s founders; he owned it until the 1850s, when another founder, George Friend, obtained the property. Before long, Friend began modernizing the house in contemporary architectural styles. As the owner of a paper mill in nearby Lockland, Friend was one of many industrialists who moved into Wyoming during this period.</p><br>
<p>Good transportation is a leading reason for Wyoming&#39;s prosperity. The city lies near the old pre-statehood road that connected Cincinnati with locations farther north, such as Fort Hamilton and Fallen Timbers. Curves in the road were cut off in 1806, forming a new road that is today followed by Springfield Pike through central Wyoming. Improvements in the 1830s only enhanced its importance. By this time, another mode of transportation had become significant: the Miami and Erie Canal was built a short distance to the east in 1828, and the village of Lockland grew up along its side. Railroads reached the city in 1851 with the construction of the Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Dayton Railroad on the border between Lockland and Wyoming.</p><br>
<p>Because of Wyomings proximity to the industry of Lockland, its easy transportation to the booming city of Cincinnati, and its pleasant scenery, many wealthy industrialists purchased local farms and built grand country houses. Most such houses were built in the Wyoming Hills area, west of Springfield Pike; growth in this area continued until the coming of the Great Depression. Few early residences such as the Riddle–Friend House survived the influx of industrialists; George Friends action of retaining and modifying an older house was unusual.</p><br>
<h2>Historic site</h2><br>
<p>In 1979, a local historic preservation group began a citywide survey to identify Wyomings historic buildings, and this effort culminated with a multiple property submission of eighteen houses, the Wyoming Presbyterian Church, and one historic district to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. Along with all but one of the other properties, the Riddle–Friend House was listed on the Register in the following year; deemed Wyomings most important historic property, it qualified both because of its historically significant architecture and because of its connection to George Friend, Sr.</p><br>
<p>The L.B. Robb Drugstore was a historic pharmacy in the Columbia-Tusculum neighborhood of Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. Erected in 1860, constructed of brick on a stone foundation and topped with a slate roof. The building was a simple rectangle in its floor plan, although not without embellishments: the roof, which rose to gables on the sides, was crowned by a large central chimney, while the gables were ornamented with machicolations, and the walls were anchored by brick pilasters. After the drugstore was completed, it was modified by the addition of a wooden porch to one of the sides; aside from the porch, it measured four bays on the front, four on the rear, and four on each side. The windows were of plain lintel construction with lugsills on the sides.</p><br>
<p>From its earliest years, the building was used as a drugstore; it is certain that it was used for such a purpose for some time before 1868. In 1928, it was purchased by Arthur Clauder, who also owned Clauder&#39;s Pharmacy next door. Today, no drugstore occupies the site: the building has been destroyed, and the site is now an empty lot. While still in good condition, the L.B. Robb Drugstore was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. It was one of seventeen Columbia-Tusculum properties included in a multiple property submission related to a historic preservation survey conducted in the previous year; most of the properties were buildings, but the Columbia Baptist and Fulton-Presbyterian Cemeteries were also included.</p><br>
<p>The Nathaniel Ropes Building is a historic commercial building in downtown Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. Located on Main Street near the Hamilton County Courthouse, this 1882 building has been named a historic site.</p><br>
<p>Nathaniel Ropes founded a company to manufacture lard, candles, and other oil-based products in the first half of the nineteenth century. In 1844, he bought a piece of property in what is now the 900 block of Main Street in downtown Cincinnati, and upon this lot he erected a frame building. This structure stood for twenty-seven years; it was replaced by a larger structure in 1871, and this building in turn was removed for the construction of the present edifice. Ropes appears to have arranged for the buildings construction for investment purposes; it was erected only after he had bought 11 ft of land on the southern edge of his original lot, and none of the buildings at the site appear ever to have housed Ropes business.</p><br>
<p>The Ropes Building is a brick structure that features elements of sandstone and iron in its construction. Many ornate details characterize its facade, such as variations in the materials used and in the shapes of elements of all types, which combine to form a fine example of the Queen Anne style of architecture. Because of its well-preserved historic architecture, which also aids in distinguishing a group of adjacent commercial buildings, the Nathaniel Ropes Building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>Roudebush Farm is a historic farmstead located southeast of Harrison in northwestern Hamilton County, Ohio, United States. It was established in the 1850s with the construction of a small frame residence. This building, the original farmhouse, was built just one story tall and composed of two rooms. The builder was the farm&#39;s namesake, Hammand Hersh Roudebush.</p><br>
<p>A native of Adams County in southeastern Pennsylvania, Roudebush and his parents settled in Ohio in 1834 when he was just four years old. Twenty-five years later, he and his wife Emeline bought a Harrison-area property known as "Sand Hill" and settled there; this became the present Roudebush Farm. After completing the original farmhouse and barn in the same year, the Roudebushes became prosperous enough to expand their buildings, and accordingly they expanded the house greatly in 1870. No longer was the house simply a small frame structure: the addition is built of brick with many ornate Italianate details and multiple fine porches. Among the most distinctive elements of the house is its elaborate formal parlor, which retains the furniture, silk wallpaper, and carpet with which it was furnished in 1875.</p><br>
<p>In 1976, the Roudebush Farm was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, Four contributing properties are included within the 9 acre of property designated as historic, including the farmhouse, the barn, and a schoolhouse, although the schoolhouse is no longer used for educational purposes.</p><br>
<p>The Charles B. Russell House  is a historic residence in the Clifton neighborhood of Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. Built in 1890,</p><br>
<p>Charles B. Russell was a leading Cincinnati businessman, occupying the office of treasurer for the Cincinnati Ice Company, which provided ice both for individual homes and for businesses such as the city&#39;s many breweries. its walls are built of coarse, random ashlar blocks, and its roof is slate. This style of construction is common to houses designed by Hannaford during the early 1890s — all five extant stone houses that he designed between 1890 and 1892 feature coarse ashlar walls. During the final years of the nineteenth century, he was responsible for designing many fine residences like the Russell House: many prominent businessmen and politicians of the Gilded Age found his designs highly appealing, and the wealthy neighborhoods of Clifton, Walnut Hills, and Avondale were dotted with grand Hannaford houses.</p><br>
<p>In the years after Russell moved out of his house, it passed through a succession of owners, starting with attorney Thomas S. Pogue, who purchased the property in 1905. Today, it is no longer a house, having been converted into apartments. Many of Hannaford&#39;s most important designs in the Cincinnati metropolitan area have been destroyed over the course of the twentieth century, but dozens of his buildings yet stand. In late 1978, fifty-five different Hannaford buildings in or around Cincinnati, including the Russell House and nineteen other houses, were nominated as a group to the National Register of Historic Places, and they were officially added to the Register in early 1980. The Russell House qualified for inclusion on the Register due to its historically important architecture, which was deemed to be significant statewide.</p><br>
<p>Sacred Heart Academy is a historic former residence and school in the city of Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. Built as the home of a wealthy man, it was the location of a Catholic school for most of its history. As a work of a regionally prominent architect, it has been named a historic site.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>English immigrant Samuel Hannaford began his Cincinnati architectural practice in 1858 in partnership with Edwin Anderson. This partnership endured until 1870, shortly after Sacred Heart Academy was constructed in 1868. Neffs house was one of numerous residences that Hannaford designed for Cincinnatis wealthy, although it predates most others; Hannaford became prominent in Cincinnati and the surrounding region only after designing Music Hall near downtown in 1877, and the Gilded Age at the end of the nineteenth century saw numerous Hannaford houses being constructed in prestigious neighborhoods such as Walnut Hills and Avondale. Neff only lived in his great house for a few years; in 1876, it was acquired by the Academy of the Sacred Heart, which needed to leave its previous location on Grandin Road. The Academy used the property for nearly a century until closing entirely in 1970, but it had remained active among Catholic schools until shortly before the end; in the late 1960s, it became a founding member of the Girls Greater Cincinnati League. During its decades in the building, the school arranged for the construction of multiple additions to the original structure.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Built primarily of stone, the Academy features ashlar walls with a rough appearance. Most parts of the building are two or three stories tall, although the intended English castle appearance is responsible for the presence of a four-story tower. Visitors enter through a portico dominated by pointed arches: both the main entrance and the sidelights employ the design, as does a window placed under the main part of the tower. Such windows, emblematic of the Gothic Revival style, were also used for later construction; they form a crucial component of an attached chapel built during the school&#39;s occupation of the building. Inside, hand-carven wood panelling is exceptionally extensive: the Swiss woodworkers whom Neff hired for the purpose required two full years of work to complete the carvings.</p><br>
<h2>Historic site</h2><br>
<p>In 1973, the academy was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying because of its historically significant architecture. Seven years later, it was included in a multiple property submission of fifty-five Hannaford-designed buildings in Hamilton County; its previous National Register status, along with that of sixteen others in the submission, was a significant component of the rationale for granting National Register status to the remaining thirty-eight buildings.</p><br>
<p>Salem Methodist Church Complex is a registered historic building near Cincinnati, Ohio, listed in the National Register on April 29, 1982.</p><br>
<p>The Ohio Historical Marker placed in 1969 reads on one side, "The Church. Families of Salem Settlement first held services in Francis McCormick&#39;s log home. A log church was built here in 1810 on land McCormick gave for religious and educational purposes. A new brick church was constructed in 1828. In 1863 the existing church was built, the bricks from the second church being used for the educational building next door." The reverse side reads, "The Founder. Francis McCormick (1764-1836), who fought under Lafayette at the siege of Yorktown, founded Methodism in the Northwest Territory. His evangelical and pioneer spirit led him from his Virginia birthplace to establish churches in the wilderness, first at Milford, Ohio, then here, at his village of Salem. He rests with his family and followers in the nearby churchyard."</p><br>
<h2>Historic uses</h2><br>
<p>School</p><br>
<p>Religious Structure</p><br>
<p>Cemetery</p><br>
<p>The Louis Sawyer House is a historic residence in the city of Wyoming, Ohio, United States. Erected at the turn of the twentieth century, it was originally the home of an important lawyer, and it has been designated a historic site because of its architecture.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Three stories tall, the Sawyer House consists of shingled walls built on a stone foundation and covered with an asphalt roof. Among its features is a tower on one corner; it extends through all three stories, and it is topped with a steep roof rising to a point. Numerous shuttered windows occupy much of the wall area, including some window space in the front gable. The main entrance is located on the right side of the facade, across from the tower; deeply recessed, it is framed with sidelights and a pair of columns. Extending across the entire facade, including the base of the tower, is a veranda-style porch with Ionic columns. All of these features combine to make it one of metro Cincinnatis best examples of the Shingle variant of the Queen Anne style of architecture. Virtually no changes have been made to the houses exterior since it was built, making it an exceptionally well preserved example of the style. Another such house, the Josiah Kirby House, is located in the same Wyoming neighborhood, but its substantially larger size makes it a mansion, unlike the smaller Sawyer House.</p><br>
<h2>Historic context</h2><br>
<p>Good transportation is a leading reason for Wyoming&#39;s prosperity. The city lies near the old pre-statehood road that connected Cincinnati with locations farther north, such as Fort Hamilton and Fallen Timbers. Curves in the road were cut off in 1806, forming a new road that is today followed by Springfield Pike through central Wyoming. Improvements in the 1830s only enhanced its importance. By this time, another mode of transportation had become significant: the Miami and Erie Canal was built a short distance to the east in 1828, and the village of Lockland grew up along its side. Railroads reached the city in 1851 with the construction of the Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Dayton Railroad on the border between Lockland and Wyoming.</p><br>
<p>Because of Wyomings proximity to the industry of Lockland, its easy transportation to the booming city of Cincinnati, and its pleasant scenery, many wealthy industrialists purchased local farms and built grand country houses. Most such houses were built in the Wyoming Hills area, west of Springfield Pike; growth in this area continued until the coming of the Great Depression. Although not a businessman, Louis Sawyer was still a prominent Hamilton County citizen; an attorney, he took office as one of the countys assistant prosecutors upon moving to Wyoming in 1900. His house was built in the same year.</p><br>
<h2>Historic site</h2><br>
<p>In 1979, a local historic preservation group began a citywide survey to identify Wyoming&#39;s historic buildings, and this effort culminated with a multiple property submission of eighteen houses, the Wyoming Presbyterian Church, and one historic district to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. Along with all but one of the other properties, the Sawyer House was listed on the Register in the following year, qualifying because of its historically significant architecture. It is one of five Reily Road houses included in this group, along with the Charles Fay House, the Luethstrom-Hurin House, the John C. Pollock House, and the William Stearns House.</p><br>
<p>The Saxony Apartment Building is a historic apartment building in Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. Located along Ninth Street in the city&#39;s downtown,</p><br>
<p>Constructed in 1891 according to a design by leading Cincinnati architect Samuel Hannaford, Among the distinctive elements of his buildings as a group is the wide range of architectural styles that he employed: his surviving buildings demonstrate at least five different styles, and although the Saxony Apartments include some obvious Queen Anne elements, the building&#39;s overall style cannot easily be classified.</p><br>
<p>On March 3, 1980, the Saxony Apartment Building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, due to its well-preserved historic architecture. Three other apartment buildings, along with more than thirty other buildings in the cities of Cincinnati and Wyoming, were listed on the National Register at the same time as part of a multiple property submission of buildings designed by Hannaford in Hamilton County. Eight months later, the portion of Ninth Street between Vine and Race Streets was added to the Register as the Ninth Street Historic District, and the Saxony Apartments were named one of the district&#39;s dozens of contributing properties.</p><br>
<p>Scarlet Oaks is a large and historic residence in the Clifton neighborhood of Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. Built in 1867, it was designed by James Keys Wilson and features a mix of the Romanesque Revival and Gothic Revival styles of architecture.</p><br>
<p>Wilson designed Scarlet Oaks under commission from prominent businessman George K. Schoenberger, a Pittsburgh native who settled in Cincinnati with the intention of opening a subsidiary of his father&#39;s iron-manufacturing corporation. Here, he became prosperous; at one point, he was one of the "Seven Barons of Clifton", a popularly perceived group of business leaders in this wealthy city neighborhood. In 1883 Schoenberger married Ella Beatty, daughter of John Beatty, Esquire, M.D., Professor of Sciences in Victoria University, Cobourg, Ontario., and his wife, Eleanor Armstrong. Ella was born and educated in Cobourg, Ontario. After Schoenberger died in 1892, she remarried the composer Charles A. E. Harriss in 1897 and occupied "Earnscliffe," a Victorian Manor house at Ottawa, Ontario.</p><br>
<p>At the time of its construction, Scarlet Oaks was Cincinnati&#39;s largest house. The origin of its design is disputed: Cincinnati local tradition claims that it was modelled after a castle along the Rhine in Germany, while later architectural historians believe that no specific house was used as the pattern. Moreover, an 1870s guidebook rejected the idea of German ancestry entirely, seeing the house as an example of French Gothic Revival architecture.</p><br>
<p>Outside of Cincinnati, Scarlet Oaks quickly became widely known. One of the first issues of The American Architect and Building News, published in 1876, devoted significant coverage to it, and architectural historians have seen its design as anticipating the styles of grand Gilded Age mansions such as multiple Vanderbilt houses designed by Richard Morris Hunt. Wilson designed many houses, but by the 1960s, many seem to have been destroyed; perhaps in part because of its widespread recognition, Scarlet Oaks was the only extant residence that was conclusively identified as being designed by him. Since that time, at least one other surviving Cincinnati residence has been identified as a Wilson design — the John S. Baker House, built in 1854.</p><br>
<p>Built of limestone, Scarlet Oaks is a massive two-and-a-half-story house with many distinctive architectural features. From a distance, the houses appearance is dominated by its turret and other high towers, and the great size of the building makes it unique even among Cliftons other large residences. More than a century has passed since the house ceased to be a private residence: it was purchased by E.H. Huenefeld in 1910, who immediately donated it to local congregations of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Since that time, it has been used as a group facility: after originally being used as a sanitarium, it has since been converted into a retirement home.</p><br>
<p>In 1973, Scarlet Oaks was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Despite the difficulty of being a religiously affiliated property, it qualified for inclusion because of its distinctive and historically significant architecture. To the present day, it remains a retirement home, although now affiliated with the Deaconess Hospital.</p><br>
<p>The George Scott House is a historic residence in Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. Built in the 1880s according to a design by prominent architect Samuel Hannaford, it was originally home to a prosperous businessman, and it has been named a historic site.</p><br>
<p>Scott was one of the executives at George Scotts Sons Pottery, a family-owned business along the Ohio River near downtown. In 1846, the previous George Scott had come to the United States, soon settling in Cincinnati and establishing a highly successful pottery firm. Following his death, the companys name was changed to "George Scotts Sons". The firm was highly prosperous due to its manufacture of potteries ranging from Rockingham-type wares to yellowware, and by the 1870s it had become the countrys largest producer of both types.</p><br>
<p>Samuel Hannaford gained a reputation as one of Cincinnatis best architects following his production of Music Hall in the 1870s, and the citys growth provided plenty of demand for the services of such an architect. During the late nineteenth century, he was responsible for designing many fine residences like the Scott House: many prominent businessmen and politicians of the Gilded Age found his designs highly appealing, and the wealthy neighborhoods of Clifton, Walnut Hills, and Avondale were dotted with grand Hannaford houses. It was this architect whom Scott chose to design his own residence in 1887.</p><br>
<p>Scotts house features a mix of materials: the foundation is stone, the walls are brick, the roof is slate, and wooden elements are also prominent. Two and a half stories tall, the house combines generic Victorian styling with Queen Anne influences. Among its prominent components are the large gables formed by the rooflines, Eastlake-style details on the porch, and a turret on one corner. Half-timbering with stucco covers many of the front walls above and around the porch, which itself includes details such as a pediment and frieze, while the turrets exterior comprises numerous lintels and lugsills, and its roof is an eight-sided pyramid.</p><br>
<p>In 1980, the George Scott House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying because of its architecture; it was deemed a fine example of the changing architectural tastes of the late 19th century, which Hannaford frequently embraced by designing numerous buildings in varying architectural styles. Scott&#39;s house was part of a group of dozens of Hannaford-designed buildings in Hamilton County added to the Register together as part of a multiple property submission.</p><br>
<p>The Shawnee Lookout Archeological District is a historic district in the southwestern corner of the USA state of Ohio.</p><br>
<p>The combination of river bottoms and wooded hillsides in Shawnee Lookout made it a highly attractive site for prehistoric settlement. As a result, the lands included in the district have a long record of aboriginal residency: artifacts found in the district&#39;s sites span a range of ten thousand years. These artifacts represent many cultures, including various Archaic peoples, the Hopewell tradition, and other Woodland period peoples. Among the artifacts found at one of the sites are a wide range of biological remains, such as bird bones, fish bones, walnuts, turtle shells, and deer bones. In recognition of the archaeological value of the sites composing the district, Shawnee Lookout was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<p>Shield&#39;s Crossing is a complex of buildings in the Hamilton County portion of Loveland, Ohio, United States. It centers on the historic home of Edwin M. Shield, which was built in 1868 under the leadership of Henry Crooks. It is also known as the "William Johnston House".</p><br>
<p>An early suburbanite, Edwin Shield built the Fulton Foundry near the present house in 1851; he was one of the area&#39;s leading industrialists. In the late 1860s, he began to build the present complex, which sits above the Little Miami River: besides the house, which he named "Christeen," the complex includes six outbuildings: a carriage house, a woodshed, a stable, a smokehouse, an icehouse, and a Gothic-styled gazebo.</p><br>
<p>In 1982, Shields Crossing was listed on the National Register of Historic Places under the name of "Edwin M. Shields House." It qualified for inclusion on the Register both because of its historically significant architecture and because of its place in the areas history. Key to its historic designation is its place as one of the areas few remaining examples of 19th-century suburban house complexes.</p><br>
<p>The Short Woods Park Mound is a Native American mound in the southwestern part of the USA state of Ohio. Located in the Sayler Park neighborhood of the city of Cincinnati,</p><br>
<p>The mound has been excavated by the Cincinnati Museum of Natural History and Science; among the many artifacts recovered were various grave goods and thirty-nine skeletons that were buried in log tombs. According to radiocarbon dating, the individuals buried in the mound lived approximately 2,000 years BP.</p><br>
<p>Although many Native American mounds were once located above the Ohio River in the vicinity of Sayler Park, most have been destroyed by development. Another mound, known as the Story Mound, lies along Gracely Drive in Sayler Park; other than the Story and Short Woods Park Mounds, virtually no mounds remain in the vicinity. Because of its proven value as an archaeological site, the Short Woods Park Mound was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974; the Story Mound was accorded a similar status the following year.</p><br>
<p>The Spencer Township Hall is a historic former government building in the Columbia-Tusculum neighborhood of Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. One of Cincinnati&#39;s oldest extant public buildings, it has been designated a historic site because of its architecture.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Constructed in 1860,</p><br>
<h2>Activities</h2><br>
<p>Besides serving as the township hall, the building was originally the meeting place for the IOOF lodge whose datestone appears on the facade; the lodge was chartered just one year before the building was built. In the late 1970s, the building was no longer used as a government or fraternal building, but despite the presence of the unsympathetic addition to the facade, it was still seen as a high-quality work of institutional architecture. By this time, it had been adaptively reused, and it was home to an engineering firm, which decided to remove the front addition in conjunction with a grassroots effort to revitalize the neighborhood. By the early 2010s, it had become home to a dance studio.</p><br>
<p>In 1979, the Spencer Township Hall was listed on the National Register of Historic Places due to its historically significant architecture. It was one of seventeen Columbia-Tusculum properties included in a multiple property submission related to a historic preservation survey conducted in the previous year; most of the properties were buildings, but the Columbia Baptist and Fulton-Presbyterian Cemeteries were also included.</p><br>
<p>St. Francis Hospital is a registered historic building in Cincinnati, Ohio, listed in the National Register on April 19, 1984. Opened in 1889 as St. Francis Hospital for Incurables by the Poor Sisters of St. Francis in the United States, it was initially the only hospital west of the Alleghenies with facilities to treat cancer. It operated until 1981.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The land on which the former hospital stands had originally been St. Peters Cemetery, operated by the German Catholic Cemetery Association. In 1849, the directors of the association were discovered to have been selling plots to non-Catholics, which was a violation of church law. This was possibly due to the large number of burials resulting from a cholera outbreak in the city that year. As a result, the cemetery was placed under interdict by John Baptist Purcell, the Archbishop of Cincinnati. This meant the land was no longer consecrated. The graves were moved to Old St. Josephs Cemetery in the Price Hill neighborhood.</p><br>
<p>In 1886 the land was donated to the Franciscan Sisters on the condition that they build a hospital on it. A $25,000 bequest from Reuben R. Springer (1800-1884) enabled the Sisters to begin construction. Due to the scope of the project and the terrain, construction was completed only in late 1888 and the hospital dedicated by the Archbishop of Cincinnati, William Henry Elder, in December. The hospital opened under the direction of Sister Apollonaire, S.P.S.F., on January 2, 1889, and numbered nearly 800 by the end of the year."This property was formerly used as the St. Peter&#39;s Cemetery. Repeated violations of the church laws by its directors, caused the cemetery to be placed under interdict by Archbishop Purcell in 1849. Consequently, the cemetery was soon abandoned. In 1882 the property was given to the Sisters of the Poor of St. Francis with the condition that they build a hospital on it. The sloping of the land and the erection of the immense buildings occupied many years and entailed great expense. Finally, on December 1888, the "St. Francis Hospital for Incurables" was opened and solemnly dedicated by Archbishop Elder. Admission is granted to incurable patients, without regard to creed or nationality. On January 1, 1896, there were 269 patients remaining at the hospital; 419 patients were discharged and 95 died during the year 1895, making a total number of patients treated during the year 1895: 783. Of these 443 were males and 340 females. Sr. Apollonaire is the Superioress. The chaplain is Rev. Francis Xavier Buechle, O.S.F."</p><br>
<p>Relation: From the Souvenir Album of American cities: Catholic Churches of Cincinnati and Hamilton County edition, 1896</p><br>
<p>By 1938, the number of patients treated at the hospital numbered over 40,000. Of these, about 85% were charity cases, unable to pay for their treatment.</p><br>
<p>It was determined during the early 1970s that the hospital could no longer continue financially on its own and a merger was arranged with St. George Hospital in Westwood, Ohio, operated by the Dominican Sisters of St. Mary of the Springs, which took effect in 1974. Both hospitals closed in 1981 and a new joint hospital, named St. Francis-St. George Hospital, was opened in Westwood.</p><br>
<p>Old Saint George Church is a historic Catholic church in the Corryville neighborhood of Cincinnati, Ohio, near the University of Cincinnati. It was listed in the National Register of Historic Places on March 3, 1980 as St. George Parish and Newman Center.</p><br>
<p>The red brick church was designed by Samuel Hannaford in the Romanesque Revival style, and opened in 1873. Declining attendance brought about by shifts in neighborhood demographics and worship habits in the 1970s and 1980s led the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cincinnati to consolidate the parish with St. Monicas and close the church in 1993. The property was sold the following year to a group called the Christian Ministries Center, which operated a community and arts center out of it until 2004. St. Georges two steeples caught fire and partially collapsed on February 1, 2008.</p><br>
<p>In March 2015, Crossroads Church acquired the property from the Clifton Heights Community Urban Development Corporation and announced plans to renovate and occupy it as their fifth location in Ohio.</p><br>
<p>The State Line Archeological District  is a complex of archaeological sites and national historic district located west of Elizabethtown, Ohio, United States. Located on both sides of the Indiana/Ohio border, the historic district is composed of five contributing properties spread out across 8 acre of land. It is believed to have been the site of a village of the Fort Ancient culture of prehistoric Native Americans.</p><br>
<p>Radiocarbon dating has revealed that State Line was occupied at approximately the same time as the SunWatch Site near Dayton, Ohio and the Turpin Site at Newtown, Ohio, while post-excavation analysis has shown that the inhabitants of the three sites were all members of the same culture. Occupation of these sites is believed to date from the Middle Fort Ancient period of the thirteenth century AD.</p><br>
<p>A leading part of the district is a village site, also known as the "Henry Bechtel Village&quot it includes a wide midden and a cemetery. Plowing of the fields at the village site has frequently turned up a wide range of artifacts, including burial pits, hearths, and trash pits. Ceramics found during excavation at the site have typically been tempered with shells. This pottery shares many characteristics with that produced by Middle Mississippian cultures, such as distinctive styles of painting and the presence of pottery modelled after owls and the heads of humans.</p><br>
<p>Because the midden is wide but quite shallow, it has been proposed that the village&#39;s population was significant but its period of occupation was short.</p><br>
<p>Among the districts contributing properties are three small burial mounds, which appear to be the work of earlier mound building peoples. At one time, the site comprised five mounds, but only three remain within the districts boundaries.</p><br>
<p>In 1975, State Line was listed on the National Register of Historic Places for its archaeological significance.</p><br>
<p>The Edward R. Stearns House is a historic residence in the city of Wyoming, Ohio, United States. Built at the turn of the twentieth century, it was the home of a business baron, and it has been designated a historic site.</p><br>
<h2>Stearns family</h2><br>
<p>Edward Stearns was a member of a family of prominent industrialists; his relative George Stearns was a founding partner of Stearns and Foster, a company that owned a textile mill in the nearby village of Lockland and operated a mattress-manufacturing plant, and Edward was later the company&#39;s head. Edward lived in the house from its construction until his death in 1914, after which a later company chief, Evan Foster Stearns, moved in with his family; his son Evan Jr., who also led the firm, was born in the house and lived there until 1984.</p><br>
<h2>Historic context</h2><br>
<p>Good transportation is a leading reason for Wyoming&#39;s prosperity. The city lies near the old pre-statehood road that connected Cincinnati with locations farther north, such as Fort Hamilton and Fallen Timbers. Curves in the road were cut off in 1806, forming a new road that is today followed by Springfield Pike through central Wyoming. Improvements in the 1830s only enhanced its importance. By this time, another mode of transportation had become significant: the Miami and Erie Canal was built a short distance to the east in 1828, and the village of Lockland grew up along its side. Railroads reached the city in 1851 with the construction of the Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Dayton Railroad on the border between Lockland and Wyoming.</p><br>
<p>Because of Wyoming&#39;s proximity to the industry of Lockland, its easy transportation to the booming city of Cincinnati, and its pleasant scenery, many wealthy industrialists purchased local farms and built grand country houses. Most such houses were built in the Wyoming Hills area, west of Springfield Pike; growth in this area continued until the coming of the Great Depression.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Built in 1902 according to a design by Alfred Oscar Elzner&#39;s firm, the Stearns House is a stone building with a stone foundation and a terracotta roof. Among its leading architectural features appears at the middle of the facade: a pavilion with a porte-cochère. Other structural details, such as the hip roof sitting atop the two-story walls, give it an appearance of a variant of the American Foursquare. It is distinguished from comparable houses in the city by its massive size, which helps to create an unusually strong sense of early twentieth century architecture in its appearance.</p><br>
<h2>Historic site</h2><br>
<p>In 1979, a local historic preservation group began a citywide survey to identify Wyomings historic buildings, and this effort culminated with a multiple property submission of eighteen houses, the Wyoming Presbyterian Church, and one historic district to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. Among these houses was the home of William Stearns, Edwards relative and another early Stearns and Foster executive. Along with all but one of the other properties, both Stearns houses were listed on the Register in the following year, qualifying because of their important architecture and because of their prominent original residents.</p><br>
<p>The William Stearns House is a historic residence in the city of Wyoming, Ohio, United States, near Cincinnati. Built at the turn of the twentieth century, it was the home of a business baron, and it has been designated a historic site.</p><br>
<h2>William Stearns</h2><br>
<p>William Stearns was a member of a family of prominent industrialists; his father George was a founding partner of Stearns and Foster, a company that owned a textile mill in the nearby village of Lockland and operated a mattress-manufacturing plant. Born in 1857, Stearns eventually came to head the company before his death in 1937.</p><br>
<h2>Historic context</h2><br>
<p>Good transportation is a leading reason for Wyoming&#39;s prosperity. The city lies near the old pre-statehood road that connected Cincinnati with locations farther north, such as Fort Hamilton and Fallen Timbers. Curves in the road were cut off in 1806, forming a new road that is today followed by Springfield Pike through central Wyoming. Improvements in the 1830s only enhanced its importance. By this time, another mode of transportation had become significant: the Miami and Erie Canal was built a short distance to the east in 1828, and the village of Lockland grew up along its side. Railroads reached the city in 1851 with the construction of the Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Dayton Railroad on the border between Lockland and Wyoming.</p><br>
<p>Because of Wyoming&#39;s proximity to the industry of Lockland, its easy transportation to the booming city of Cincinnati, and its pleasant scenery, many wealthy industrialists purchased local farms and built grand country houses. Most such houses were built in the Wyoming Hills area, west of Springfield Pike; growth in this area continued until the coming of the Great Depression.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Built in 1900, the Stearns House is a brick building with a stone foundation and a terracotta roof. Some of its structural details place it into the Queen Anne style of architecture, although its simple rectangular plan is atypical of the style. The two-and-a-half-story residence features a pavilion on the left side of the facade and a large porch elsewhere on the front and eastern side. One wishing to enter the house will ascend sandstone steps to the porch, which features iron railings, Ionic columns, and an ornate balustrade. All of its architectural elements combine to make it one of the city&#39;s most prominent examples of the Queen Anne style.</p><br>
<h2>Historic site</h2><br>
<p>In 1979, a local historic preservation group began a citywide survey to identify Wyomings historic buildings, and this effort culminated with a multiple property submission of eighteen houses, the Wyoming Presbyterian Church, and one historic district to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. Among these houses was the home of Edward R. Stearns, Williams relative and another early Stearns and Foster executive. Along with all but one of the other properties, both Stearns houses were listed on the Register in the following year, qualifying because of their important architecture and because of their prominent original residents. The William Stearns House is one of five Reily Road houses included in this group, along with the Charles Fay House, the Luethstrom-Hurin House, the John C. Pollock House, and the Louis Sawyer House.</p><br>
<p>The Stites House is a historic residence in the Columbia-Tusculum neighborhood of Cincinnati, Ohio.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Built in 1835, it is a brick structure with a stone foundation and a shingled roof; its architecture is a mix of the Federal and Greek Revival styles. The house is composed of two portions: the front, which Hezekiah Stites constructed in 1835, and the large rear wing, which Hezekiah&#39;s son Charles added in 1867. The original section is Federal except for its Greek Revival entrance portico: it features typical Federal chimneys and attic windows on the gabled ends, and it is largely free of ornamental elements otherwise. Conversely, the rear wing includes components such as a Victorian porch.</p><br>
<p>Overall, the Stites House is a well-preserved example of the Federal style and historically significant because of its great age. Depending on the houses age and its status as the home of the families of some of the communitys founders, it received substantial attention in a historic preservation survey of Columbia-Tusculum conducted in 1978. One year later, the house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places due to its historically significant architecture. It was one of seventeen Columbia-Tusculum properties included in a multiple property submission related to the previous year&#39;s historic preservation survey; most of the properties were buildings, but the Columbia Baptist and Fulton-Presbyterian Cemeteries were also included.</p><br>
<p>The Sycamore-13th Street Grouping is a cluster of historic buildings in the Over-the-Rhine neighborhood of Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. Built during the middle and later years of the nineteenth century, these eighteen buildings are built of brick and sandstone with elements of stone and iron. Some of the buildings feature elements of the Greek Revival, Italianate, or Queen Anne styles of architecture, but the majority of the buildings in the cluster are simple vernacular structures. Virtually all of the buildings in the grouping were constructed for residential purposes, although some were built exclusively as apartment buildings, while some originally had both residential and commercial space. The structures built as commercial-and-residential buildings are those most likely to feature defined architectural styles, rather than vernacular designs.</p><br>
<p>Nearly all of the buildings in the grouping, if not all, were built according to plans in common carpenters&#39; books of the day. As such, they are important examples of late nineteenth-century architecture in built-up urban areas; although they are architecturally different, their similar methods of construction combines them into a unified cluster. In recognition of its distinctive historic architecture, the Sycamore-13th Street Grouping was declared a historic district and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. One year later, virtually all of Over-the-Rhine (more than 1,200 buildings) was similarly designated and added to the Register.</p><br>
<p>The John Tangeman House is a historic house in the city of Wyoming, Ohio, United States. The city&#39;s best house of its style, the residence was once home to a prosperous factory owner, and it has been named a historic site.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>As Wyoming&#39;s best Italianate residence, the Tangeman House conveys a clear picture of pre-Civil War Wyoming, especially when seen from the front. Built of brick on a stone foundation, the two-story house is covered with an asphalt roof and features additional elements of wood and stone. A large front porch surrounds the entrance and the rest of the three-bay facade. Decorative corbelling supports the edges of the roof, which features twin chimneys near its center; it has the overall shape of a hip roof. Significant elements of the porch include the chamferred pillars, decorative molding, and arches with elaborate latticework.</p><br>
<h2>Historic context</h2><br>
<p>Good transportation is a leading reason for Wyoming&#39;s prosperity. The city lies near the old pre-statehood road that connected Cincinnati with locations farther north, such as Fort Hamilton and Fallen Timbers. Curves in the road were cut off in 1806, forming a new road that is today followed by Springfield Pike through central Wyoming. Improvements in the 1830s only enhanced its importance. By this time, another mode of transportation had become significant: the Miami and Erie Canal was built a short distance to the east in 1828, and the village of Lockland grew up along its side. Railroads reached the city in 1851 with the construction of the Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Dayton Railroad on the border between Lockland and Wyoming.</p><br>
<p>Because of Wyoming&#39;s proximity to the industry of Lockland, its easy transportation to the booming city of Cincinnati, and its pleasant scenery, many wealthy industrialists purchased local farms and built grand country houses. Most such houses were built in the Wyoming Hills area, west of Springfield Pike; growth in this area continued until the coming of the Great Depression. As the owner of the Tangeman Paper Company in Lockland, John Tangeman was among the first industrialists to build a house in Wyoming. He resided on the property for more than thirty years, beginning at its completion in 1857 and continuing until 1891 at least.</p><br>
<h2>Historic site</h2><br>
<p>In 1979, a local historic preservation group began a citywide survey to identify Wyoming&#39;s historic buildings, and this effort culminated with a multiple property submission of eighteen houses, the Wyoming Presbyterian Church, and one historic district to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. Along with all but one of the other properties, the Tangeman House was listed on the Register in the following year, qualifying because of its historically significant architecture and because of its connection to Tangeman.</p><br>
<p>Peter G. Thomson House, commonly known as Laurel Court, is a registered historic building in Cincinnati, Ohio, listed in the National Register on November 29, 1979.</p><br>
<p>Currently the house is a private residence that is available for tours by reservation for special events.</p><br>
<h2>Design and construction</h2><br>
<p>Peter G. Thomson, founder of The Champion Coated Paper Co., began construction on Laurel Court in 1902. He selected James Gamble Rogers, the nephew of Peters wife, Laura Gamble Thomson, to design the Gilded Age mansion. Although the design is sometimes mistakenly said to be based on the Petit Trianon, Rogers based the houses ordonnance and design system on the Trianon de Marbre, the Grand Trianon at Versailles, France, as can be seen from the duplication of the Grand Trianon&#39;s decorated Ionic order (the Petit Trianon is Corinthian), the governing concept of a colonnade between cubical pavilions, and the overall articulation of the structure. The house is of course smaller than the Grand Trianon, it is revetted in simple stone rather than the varicolored marbles of the French prototype, and it is of two stories rather than one and adapted otherwise to meet the requirements of a private residence of its time, but every design decision in the structure was governed by reference to the Grand Trianon, with no reference whatever to the much later Petit Trianon. The Thomson family moved into the College Hill residence in 1907.</p><br>
<h3>Features</h3><br>
<p>Atrium with a retractable roof</p><br>
<p>Rookwood tile swimming pool</p><br>
<p>Turkish carpets</p><br>
<p>Library paneled in African rosewood</p><br>
<p>Music room decorated in gold leaf</p><br>
<h2>Historic uses</h2><br>
<p>Single Dwelling</p><br>
<p>Secondary Structure</p><br>
<p>Residence of the Archbishop of Cincinnati (1947-1977)</p><br>
<p>The Gerald B. and Beverley Tonkens House, also known as the Tonkens House, is a single story private residence, designed by American architect Frank Lloyd Wright in 1954. The house was commissioned by Gerald B. Tonkens  and his first wife Rosalie. It is located in Amberley Village, a village in Hamilton County, Ohio.</p><br>
<p>Wright designed the home in the Usonian Automatic style. It is considered to be one of the finest and most intact examples of Usonian Automatic architecture ever produced and was designated a National Historic Landmark and listed in the National Register of Historic Places on October 3, 1991.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Tonkens House is a single story, three bedroom, two bathroom private residence, designed in the Usonian Automatic style. The house is situated on a partially developed 3.54 acre property in Amberley Village, Ohio and measures some 2,100 square feet. An early 20th century guest cottage also occupies the property, a remnant of its earlier use as a farm.</p><br>
<p>The Usonian Automatic style was Frank Lloyd Wright&#39;s final architectural period, and is based on a modular design system that employed interlocking, precast concrete blocks. It was first conceived by Wright in the wake of the Depression in 1936 and later developed as a response to a lack of low cost housing and rising construction costs following World War Two.</p><br>
<p>Like many of Wrights Usonian style buildings, the floor plan of the Tonkens House mimics the shape of a polliwog. The tail of the polliwog is represented by the bedroom wing, with each bedroom opening off into a long, narrow hallway. The hallway leads into the body of the house, which consists of a bright and expansive living room or Great Room, alongside a kitchen and foyer. The configuration allowed for additional rooms to be added to the bedroom wing in the future. The Great Room&#39; was designed as a large, warm and welcoming space, a room in which the family and their guests could gather throughout the day and night.</p><br>
<p>The master bedroom contains an en suite and private study, which opens off to a private patio. Ceilings in the bedroom wing are low (7.5 feet) and gilded in 18 karat gold leaf. Those in the Great Room, kitchen and foyer are high (10.5 feet and 13.5 feet respectively) and unembellished. The Great Room contains a cantilevered fireplace and east-facing wall of floor-to-ceiling windows and French doors that open onto a lanai at the rear of the house. Philippine mahogany was used for interior paneling and furniture. Piano hinges (hinges extending from the top to the bottom of a door) were used for all doors in the house, including closet doors.</p><br>
<p>The house is constructed using eleven styles of precast concrete blocks, reinforced by steel rods. It has a total of 492 windows, which consist of glass contained within the precast concrete blocks. Instead of gutters, copper flashing and downspouts allow for water to run off the roof, which is protected by insulation, a rubber membrane and pea gravel.</p><br>
<p>Two Wright designed gates guard a Cherokee red concrete driveway leading towards the house. The dwelling has no garage or basement, keeping with Wright’s well known dislike of such spaces. Instead, two carports-divided by concrete and glass pillars-and two storage sheds occupy the property.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Gerald B. Tonkens was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin in 1919 where he was exposed to many examples of Frank Lloyd Wright’s architecture from a young age. This had a lasting effect on Tonkens, who later stated “I always admired Mr Wright’s work. I always knew that I would never build a house on my own unless it was designed by Frank Lloyd Wright”.</p><br>
<p>After graduating from the University of Wisconsin in the early 1940s, Tonkens joined the U.S military, fighting with the Eighth Air Force during World War Two. Tonkens met and married his first wife, Red Cross nurse, Rosalie Robbins, while stationed with the military in Europe.</p><br>
<p>By 1953 the couple had two daughters and decided to move to Hamilton County, where Gerald established the Tonkens Oldsmobile-Cadillac dealership in Hamilton, Ohio. In 1954 Gerald and Rosalie purchased a 2.75 acre block in Amberley Village, Ohio for $6,000. The land was cheap in comparison to surrounding lots, many of which sold for an average price of $25,000 per acre. When Rosalie queried the price, she was told that the property was considered a “problem lot” as no architect had been able to engineer a driveway up the steep incline from the road to the house. When this was mentioned to Wright, he replied "They built the Suez Canal, didnt they? Well go right up the middle with a big shovel".</p><br>
<p>Once the purchase was finalized, the couple who were on a tight budget, yet still wanted a Frank Lloyd Wright-esque home, approached a local architect who had studied under Wright in the 1930s. Although early meetings were successful, Gerald and Rosalie were ultimately unhappy with the architect&#39;s design and cancelled their agreement in early 1954. After some discussion, they decided to contact Wright himself with a proposal for the house and a budget of $25,000. Shortly afterwards, Wright invited them to Taliesin in Spring Green, Wisconsin to discuss the design. Their meeting was a success and the first half of 1954 was spent discussing designs via letter and telegram between the Tonkens and Wright’s personal assistant Eugene Beyer Masselink. In mid-1954 Wright asked if the couple would be interested in being his ‘guinea pigs’ stating his desire to design their home as “an experiment in Usonian Automatic architecture”. They agreed, and Wright’s preliminary designs for the home were completed in October of the same year.</p><br>
<p>Drawings for the Tonkens House were completed by Frank Lloyd Wright, his grandson and apprentice, Eric Lloyd Wright and John H. Howe. John deKoven Hill and Cornelia Brierly were landscape designers on the project. Engineering drawings were completed by William Wesley Peters, Thomas Casey and Mendel Glickman. Glickman was also solely responsible for the ceiling block engineering. Furniture, upholstery and fabric selections for the house were supervised by John deKoven Hill. Final drawings and specifications were presented to Gerald and Rosalie on February 25, 1955 and approved soon after. The Tonkens House would be assigned project number 5510 by the Taliesin Foundation.</p><br>
<p>The final design featured three bedrooms, one study, two bathrooms, Philippine mahogany paneling throughout, a grand living room (the Great Room) with a cantilevered fireplace, two carports and two storage sheds. A comprehensive furniture plan included built in pieces as well as Frank Lloyd Wright designed furniture from his collection for Henredon Furniture, and Wright designed upholstery.</p><br>
<p>The house remained in the Tonkens family for over six decades, until it was sold to a private buyer in 2015.</p><br>
<h2>Construction</h2><br>
<p>The Tonkens hired local contractor, Horace Wersel, to be the project lead and Cincinnati firm Harvard Construction Co. to build the house. The construction of the Tonkens House was overseen by the Taliesin fellowship, which was represented by Eric Lloyd Wright. Wright spent over a year living in Cincinnati while overseeing the construction of the home. Such close supervision was unusual, and the Tonkens House was the first Usonian Automatic structure to be solely directed by a Taliesin fellow.</p><br>
<p>The home incorporated Wright’s iconic precast concrete blocks. These were made using metal molds into which concrete was poured and then set. The Tonkens house is built using eleven block variations, which allowed for infinite modifications to the design. Masonry subcontractors were used to lay the foundation, while carpentry subcontractors were used to lay the blocks. Blocks were two feet wide by one foot high for walls, and two feet high by two feet wide for ceilings. Blocks were adhered to a reinforced concrete slab, unlike Wright’s Californian homes, in which ceiling blocks were adhered to wooden slabs. Concrete blocks for the Tonkens House were made as a lightweight cinder block. Because cinder blocks are porous, a sand based sealer was applied to the exterior of the building to waterproof the house.</p><br>
<p>By mid-1955 the total cost of construction, including Wright’s 10 percent fee and additional costs for interior furnishings, was up to $59,000. The increase was due in part to rising values of materials such as steel, concrete and wood. Complications associated with casting concrete blocks also raised construction costs. Expenditure continued to increase throughout the duration of the construction and Cindy Damschroder estimates that the final cost of construction was likely to have been around $118,000.</p><br>
<p>The Tonkens House was completed in late-July 1956. Frank Lloyd Wright died in 1959. Prior to his death he was in the midst of designing the Beth Sholom Congregation in Elkins Park, Pennsylvania, the Guggenheim Museum in New York City, as well as a number of residential homes. Therefore, he would never see the completed Tonkens House. He did however meet with the Tonkens soon after it was completed, presenting them with a hand signed, Cherokee red glazed tile to attest his approval of the home. The tile was permanently placed on the exterior wall, just outside the front entrance.</p><br>
<h2>Variations in design</h2><br>
<p>Over the eighteen month construction period, a number of minor changes were made to the original design. These included modifying the driveway, installing additional electrical outlets to the exterior of the house and increasing the size of the master bedroom. A pool was included in initial designs and registered by Taliesin. In late 1955, Eric Lloyd Wright proposed that the pool be relocated as it was positioned above solid ground, with only earth fill below. Although the pool was relocated and re-sized, it was never built. A cabana and covered porch were also envisioned for the home, but these did not make it onto the final designs.</p><br>
<h2>Repair and restoration</h2><br>
<p>In July 2001, renovations were undertaken to restore and upgrade the homes aging roof, original plumbing, wiring and kitchen. During this time, a heavy rainstorm hit the Greater Cincinnati area. In addition to flooding more than 70 homes and killing three people, strong winds blew protective tarp off the roof, exposing it to the heavy downpour. The Philippine mahogany walls and cabinetry in the living room, dining room and kitchen all suffered significant water damage, as did the homes precast concrete block ceiling. These elements required replacement, a project that took almost a year to complete. Care was taken to ensure the renovations were sympathetic to the original design and character of the home and it continues to be the only largely unaltered Frank Lloyd Wright house in the Greater Cincinnati area.</p><br>
<p>In mid-2015, the new roof was found to have failed. Additional repairs are currently underway, a complex task due to the unique design of the structure.</p><br>
<p>The Turpin Site  is an archaeological site in the southwestern portion of the USA state of Ohio. Located near Newtown in Hamilton County, the site includes the remains of a village of the Fort Ancient culture and of multiple burial mounds. Detailed explorations of the site have revealed the bodies of many individuals in and around the mounds. The archaeological value of the site has resulted in its use in the study of similar locations and in its designation as a historic site.</p><br>
<h2>Excavations</h2><br>
<p>Local residents began to explore the Turpin Site at the end of the eighteenth century. At this time, it appears that at least three mounds were located in the vicinity of the main village site, as well as a Native American cemetery. This cemetery was a primary focus of an excavation in 1800, which resulted in the unearthing of fifty skeletons.</p><br>
<p>In 1881, the premier mound at the site — then on the farmstead of Philip Turpin — was recorded as being known as one of the principal prehistoric sites in Anderson Township; at that time, it stood 10 ft high, and its base had a circumference of 175 ft. Due to its size and location along the road between Cincinnati and Batavia, it was a local landmark. Surrounding the mound was the densest portion of the cemetery; a local historian noted that "human remains may be exhumed with almost every lift of spade or shovel." Other mounds at the site included a stone mound believed to have been built during the Late Woodland period and an earth mound dating from the Fort Ancient period. During the late nineteenth century, two of the smaller mounds at the site were excavated under the direction of Charles Metz, and the Fort Ancient mound (the primary mound at the site) was investigated in 1947 by an expedition sponsored by the Cincinnati Museum of Natural History. Charles Metz had reported that this mound had apparently been reduced by the Turpin family, and a scholar writing in 1997 has proposed that it once was large enough to cover the burials found around it. This is not to say that the mound was found to be empty of burials; over sixty bodies were found to have been interred within it. While both adults and children were buried within many Fort Ancient mounds, the presence of many infant bodies in the Turpin mound distinguishes it from some other mounds of the period. Unlike many Fort Ancient mounds, this mound was found to include no structures underneath the actual mound, and few bodies were accompanied by grave goods.</p><br>
<h2>Contemporary understanding</h2><br>
<p>The professional excavations of the twentieth century revealed that the Turpin Site was primarily a Fort Ancient village, although some Late Woodland influence was also present. Twenty years later, a study of the chronology of the Fort Ancient culture assigned Turpin to the Early Fort Ancient period and the Madisonville Site to the Late Fort Ancient period. The typical resident of an Early Fort Ancient village lived in a single-family house, unlike the larger multiple-family houses found at villages such as the Madisonville Site in Mariemont, just across the Little Miami River from Newtown.</p><br>
<p>Based on artifacts found at the site, such as decorated ceramics and tempered pottery, the studys author concluded that the sites inhabitants were influenced by Mississippian groups such as the people of the Angel Phase. Among the distinctive features of Turpin pottery is the presence of guilloché whose holes include smaller holes at their centers; this feature has also been found at two other sites in the valley of the Little Miami. Writing in 1986, Wesley Cowan proposed Turpin as a type site for a phase of the Fort Ancient culture in southwestern Ohio, lasting from AD 1000 to 1250.</p><br>
<h2>Recognition</h2><br>
<p>As one of southwestern Ohio&#39;s more significant archaeological sites, the Turpin Site has been used as a benchmark for the study of other Fort Ancient sites in the Ohio River watershed. In 2007, Kathleen Brady-Rawlins made extensive use of data from Turpin in her post excavation analysis of the O.C. Voss Site in western Franklin County, along with other sites in southern and central Ohio. Furthermore, the site has been recognized as worthy of prehistoric preservation by the National Park Service; it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. Four other sites in the Newtown vicinity, including the Madisonville Site, are also listed on the National Register. The Turpin Site and the surrounding farm are still owned by the Turpin family, which grows sod on the property.</p><br>
<p>Twin Oaks, also known as the "Robert Reily House", is a historically significant residence in the city of Wyoming, located near Cincinnati in the southwestern corner of the USA state of Ohio. Constructed in the middle of the nineteenth century, it was the home of Robert Reily, one of the leading citizens of early Wyoming. Its heavy stone architecture features a mix of two important architectural styles of the period, and it has been named a historic site.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Although the cores of its walls are brick, Twin Oaks is primarily a stone building with a stone foundation and a slate roof; minor elements of iron are present, along with wooden trim. Two and a half stories tall, it is topped with a hip roof; the general style is Queen Anne, although when built it was much closer to the typical Gothic Revival residence. The facade is divided into two bays, with two windows in each; the bay on the right (as seen from the street) rises to a gable and is pierced by four windows, while the left bay stops at the normal roofline and features the main entrance. A side entrance with portico is placed farther to the rear, underneath another subsidiary gable.</p><br>
<h2>Historic context</h2><br>
<p>Good transportation is a leading reason for Wyoming&#39;s prosperity. The city lies near the old pre-statehood road that connected Cincinnati with locations farther north, such as Fort Hamilton and Fallen Timbers. Curves in the road were cut off in 1806, forming a new road that is today followed by Springfield Pike through central Wyoming. Improvements in the 1830s only enhanced its importance. By this time, another mode of transportation had become significant: the Miami and Erie Canal was built a short distance to the east in 1828, and the village of Lockland grew up along its side. Railroads reached the city in 1851 with the construction of the Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Dayton Railroad on the border between Lockland and Wyoming.</p><br>
<p>Because of Wyoming&#39;s proximity to the industry of Lockland, its easy transportation to the booming city of Cincinnati, and its pleasant scenery, many wealthy industrialists purchased local farms and built grand country houses. Most such houses were built in the Wyoming Hills area, west of Springfield Pike; growth in this area continued until the coming of the Great Depression.</p><br>
<h2>Robert Reily</h2><br>
<p>Born in 1820 in Butler County to the north, Robert Reily was the son of pioneer educator John Reily, who started Cincinnati&#39;s earliest school in 1790 after military service during the American Revolution. Young Reily went into business at a comparatively young age, finding employment at a store that sold imported textiles; he began as a clerk, but he eventually rose to become the owner before selling the business and retiring in 1859, aged less than forty years.</p><br>
<p>Reily had the present house built in 1854 on a hilltop above the valley of Mill Creek. The grandest of the old houses in the Wyoming Hills area, it was constructed to be comparable to the Gothic Revival houses that wealthy men were building in Cincinnati at the time. In the early 1860s, when local residents decided to organize their small community and give it a name, Twin Oaks was chosen as the meeting place. Those present were initially unable to agree on a name, but Reily&#39;s support for "Wyoming" won over the other men, and when the village was incorporated, he was chosen as the first mayor. Only for a short time did he occupy this position; the Civil War was being fought, and before long Reily entered military service. As lieutenant colonel of the 75th Ohio Volunteer Infantry, he was killed at the Battle of Chancellorsville in 1863.</p><br>
<h2>Historic site</h2><br>
<p>In 1975, Twin Oaks was listed on the National Register of Historic Places; it qualified both because of its historically significant architecture and because of its connection to Robert Reily. Four years later, a local historic preservation group began a citywide survey to identify Wyoming&#39;s historic buildings, and this effort culminated with a multiple property submission of eighteen houses, the Wyoming Presbyterian Church, and one historic district to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. Twin Oaks was one of the houses included in this group; it was listed on the Register for a second time, even though it had never been removed.</p><br>
<p>The Underwriters Salvage Corps is a historic building in Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. Located on Eighth Street in the city&#39;s downtown, it has historically been the home of a firm that worked together with both the Cincinnati Fire Department and local fire insurance companies.</p><br>
<p>Local insurance companies formed the Underwriters Salvage Corps in 1886 at the end of a four-year-long process of negotiations. As a salvage corps, their goal was largely to assist firefighters in danger zones: employees rushed to burning buildings to try to save both lives and property, and they were accorded the same status as official firefighters while at fire zones.</p><br>
<p>The present building was erected in 1897 under the direction of local contractor William Schuberth; its purpose was the storage of equipment and the housing of the Salvage Corps&#39; employees who were on duty at any given point. it is a Queen Anne structure three-and-a-half stories tall.</p><br>
<p>In 1982, the Underwriters Salvage Corps was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Key to this designation was its place in local history, for it was the only Cincinnati-area corporation that worked closely with both insurance companies and the city&#39;s fire department.</p><br>
<p>Union Baptist Cemetery located at 4933 Cleves Warsaw Pike, in the Price Hill neighborhood of Cincinnati, Ohio, is a registered historic district in Cincinnati, Ohio, listed in the National Register of Historic Places on September 20, 2002. It contains 1 contributing buildings. The cemetery is the oldest Baptist African-American cemetery in Cincinnati, founded in 1864 by members of the Union Baptist Church.</p><br>
<p>Among those interred is Powhatan Beaty, a Medal of Honor recipient and American Civil War veteran of the 5th United States Colored Infantry Regiment. Almost 150 other USCT veterns are buried at Union Baptist Cemetery.</p><br>
<p>Other well-known Cincinnatians interred include David Leroy Nickens, first minister of the Union Baptist Church, Hon. George W. Hayes, Jennie Porter, founder of the Harriet Beecher Stowe School.</p><br>
<h2>Historic uses</h2><br>
<p>Cemetery</p><br>
<p>The United Brethren in Christ Church, also known as "File Mile Chapel", is a historic church building located southeast of Cincinnati in Anderson Township, Hamilton County, Ohio, United States. Built in 1844, it is a stone building with a stone foundation and a slate roof. It was the house of worship for the oldest Church of the United Brethren in Christ congregation in southeastern Hamilton County, which became the mother of other congregations: some of its members later left to found other United Brethren in Christ churches elsewhere in Hamilton County and in the surrounding community.</p><br>
<p>The church was built by its members using stones quarried from the small creek that flows past the church building. Its floor plan is that of a rectangle, modified by the 1896 addition of a bell tower to the front with an entrance in its base. Among the most distinctive elements of its architecture is a large Gothic window on the front facade. Except for the front, the church is surrounded by its cemetery, which is of a date approximately equal to the church building.</p><br>
<p>In 1978, the United Brethren in Christ Church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Although both churches and cemeteries must pass hurdles higher than other types of properties to qualify for inclusion on the Register, it qualified both because of its well-preserved architecture and because of its place as a significant component of local history.</p><br>
<p>Armstrong Chapel United Methodist Church is a historic church in the city of Indian Hill, Ohio, United States. Built in 1831, It was designated a historic site in 1975.</p><br>
<p>Nathanial and Hannah Armstrong, formerly residents of Virginia, arrived in southwestern Ohio in 1800; they soon built a log cabin and gristmill on their land and began farming. By this time, occasional circuit-riding ministers of the Methodist Church were visiting the area, but the settlers worshipped in each homes because there were no church buildings nearby. As this situation continued for decades, in 1830 Armstrong donated one of the best pieces of his land for the construction of a church and cemetery.</p><br>
<p>The church was erected in the summer of 1831 under the leadership of Samuel Earhart; were constructed from locally made bricks whose clay originated on Earharts property. The adjacent cemetery had already been founded; its first burial was Hannah Armstrong, who had died four years before the churchs completion in the fall of 1831. Nathanial Armstrong provided that the church be made available for the use of whichever denomination had the greatest number of members in the vicinity. Both at that time and at all times since, the church has been used by Methodists. Relatively few changes have been made to the building since its construction; a tower was added in 1890, but only minor repairs have been carried out otherwise. Although the foundation was built of fieldstones and held together by soil rather than mortar, it has moved only slightly; a restoration performed in the 1970s demonstrated that the building had settled just 2 in in 140 years.</p><br>
<p>In late 1975, Armstrong Chapel was listed on the National Register of Historic Places by the name of "United Methodist Church." It is one of five sites in Indian Hill that is listed on the National Register, along with the Elliott House, the Jefferson Schoolhouse, the Gordon E. Pape House, and the Washington Heights School. Armstrong qualified for inclusion on the Register because of its place in local history, because of its connection to locally prominent individual Nathanial Armstrong, and because of its well-preserved historic architecture. The historic site designation encompassed the Armstrong cemetery, as well as the church building. Today, Armstrong Chapel continues as an active congregation of the United Methodist Church. As the congregation grew in the early twenty-first century, a new building was deemed necessary; a groundbreaking ceremony was held at the end of August 2009, and the new structure was substantially completed in October of the following year.</p><br>
<p>The Village of Addyston Historic District is a historic district in the village of Addyston, located along the Ohio River near Cincinnati in Hamilton County, Ohio, United States. The remnant of two company towns, the district is primarily residential in character, with only occasional examples of larger architecture.</p><br>
<p>In 1891, the unincorporated communities of Sekitan and East Addyston merged and were incorporated under the name of "Addyston". Both communities were company towns; founded in 1887, they continued to expand until about 1900. As a result of their origins, the communities&#39; architecture (especially that of East Addyston, which was almost completely residential) was unusually homogenous; what few distinctive buildings were built were in Sekitan, the older portion. The conceptual difference between the two portions of the village endured long after the municipal merger; separate post offices served the two portions into the 1930s, and as late as the 1960s, they were often regarded as separate communities.</p><br>
<p>Much of present-day Addyston was designated a historic district in 1991. Almost all of the villages buildings are included within its boundaries; most of the surviving residences are non-descript small vernacular houses built before 1930, with a scattering of religious, community, and commercial architecture. The majority of the non-residential buildings of all types are located in the districts western portion, where Sekitan was established. The district comprises 384 buildings; more than five out of every six buildings in the district qualified as contributing properties.</p><br>
<p>Mount Shirakami is a 721.4 meter high mountain in Sasayama, Hyōgo, Japan. Another name is Tamba-Fuji, literally, Mount Fuji in Tamba Province. This mountain is one of the Hyōgo 50 mountains, and Kinki 100 mountains.</p><br>
<h2>Outline</h2><br>
<p>Mount Shirakami is one of the most famous mountains in Tamba Highland, well known for its good shape like famous Mount Fuji. This mountain is an independent mountain in this area, and visitors can enjoy the almost 360 degree panorama view from the top. This mountain is the source of Mukogawa River.</p><br>
<h2>Religion and History</h2><br>
<p>Mount Shirakami was an object of worship of the people in this area with Mount Matsuo. This mountain is located near an old route from Osaka to Tajima Province, or Kyoto to Harima Province, so the good-shape of the mountain has attracted many people in the history.</p><br>
<p>After the Battle of Ichi-no-Tani in the 12th century, a legend said that one of a wife of the lost samurai of Heike, lived on the foot of the mountain and a found her husband.</p><br>
<h2>Access</h2><br>
<p>Furuichi Station of Fukuchiyama Line</p><br>
<p>Sasayamaguchi Station of Fukuchiyama Line</p><br>
<p>The Charlton Wallace House is a historic residence in the East Walnut Hills neighborhood of Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. Older than all other houses in the neighborhood, it was constructed in 1840 for a group of French-born Catholic monks who brought the house&#39;s elaborate wrought iron up the Mississippi River from New Orleans.</p><br>
<p>Built with a mix of stone and brick on a stone foundation, the Wallace House was constructed in a distinctive French Provincial style of architecture. Its unusual architecture mixes plain, unadorned elements with certain Romantic elements that is common in French Provincial buildings in the United States. In 1849, the house was converted into a rectory for the newly founded St. Francis de Sales Catholic Church. Given its new role, the house became a leading part of the Catholic Church&#39;s presence in the neighborhood. With the construction of the new church building on an adjacent lot in 1851, the parish priest moved into the house, and it was also used as the parish school in its earliest years. Additionally, the house may have served a more surreptitious purpose: local legend holds that a room in the rear of the basement was employed as a station on the Underground Railroad.</p><br>
<p>In 1877, the parish began to build its present complex of buildings on Woodburn Avenue in Walnut Hills. After the completion of the new property, the parish sold the property; it was later used as the private residence of a family named Baumgartner. In 1976, the house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying because of its well-preserved historic architecture and because of its place in local history.</p><br>
<p>Walnut Hills United Presbyterian Church is a historic church tower in the Walnut Hills neighborhood of Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. The last remnant of a landmark church building, it was designed by a leading Cincinnati architect and built in the 1880s. Although named a historic site a century after its construction, the building was mostly destroyed after extensive neglect caused restoration to become prohibitively expensive.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Pioneer Presbyterian minister James Kemper helped to organize a Presbyterian congregation in the area of Walnut Hills in 1818. After sixty years, the congregation merged with another one, which worshipped at the nearby Lane Theological Seminary, and before long the united congregation needed a larger building. Prominent architect Samuel Hannaford was chosen to produce the design. Hannaford had already gained a reputation as one of Cincinnatis best architects, following his production of Music Hall in the 1870s, and the citys growth provided plenty of demand for the services of such an architect; by the late 1870s, he had already completed designs for churches such as St. Georges Catholic Church and St. Lukes Episcopal Church. His design for the Presbyterians in Walnut Hills resembled some of the others, with a large corner tower, a prominent steeple with spire, walls faced with ashlar, and a general Gothic Revival appearance. It was twice expanded: a chapel was constructed in 1891, and Hannaford&#39;s company added a larger section in 1929, but these additions had been removed by the late 1970s.</p><br>
<p>By the early 2000s, the building was no longer used for ecclesiastical purposes; preservation groups attempted to find a buyer to renovate it, suggesting that it be used for purposes such as a community center or offices for a film production firm. However, the building was ultimately destroyed: the neighboring funeral home needed the land in order to expand its parking lot, while the buildings condition was poor enough that restoration seemingly would have required millions of dollars. Deconstruction began in early 2003, with the removal of stained glass and asbestos, and the building was largely demolished by mid-year. Preservationists were able to save part of the building, paying $160,000 to buy the churchs tower and arrange to except it from demolition; their goal has been to ensure its structural stability and create a small monument around it, ensuring the churchs partial continuation in the neighborhoods built environment.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Although faced with stone, the church was actually built of brick on a stone foundation and covered with a slate roof. Two and a half stories tall, it was constructed with an irregular floor plan, while the exterior walls rose to a large gable near the bell tower on the corner. Dominating the fenestration was a massive stained glass window in the gable, while the tower features Gothic windows on its lower stories and paired openings to the un-windowed belfry at its top. The spire is no longer in place on the tower; like the chapel and other additions, it had been removed by the late 1970s. Remaining in place next to the tower is an entrance, which prior to demolition sat in front of the church&#39;s four-bay southern side. Scattered other components of the building survived its demolition: part of the pulpit was given to a church in Ripley, the cornerstone from the 1818 church building was donated to other Presbyterians in the area, and numerous structural elements such as woodworking and stained glass were sold to members of the public.</p><br>
<h2>Historic site</h2><br>
<p>In 1980, the church building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying because of its historically significant architecture; it was part of a group of more than fifty Hannaford-designed buildings submitted to the Register together as part of a multiple property submission. Its historic site status could not prevent its demolition: National Register designation places no restrictions on private owners&#39; right to modify or destroy their properties, and neither the city of Cincinnati nor Hamilton County had given the church any legal protections. More than ten years after demolition, the entire building remains on the National Register.</p><br>
<p>Westwood United Methodist Church is a historic Methodist church in Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. Constructed in 1896 for an established congregation, it has been named a historic site.</p><br>
<p>Westwood Methodist Episcopal Church formed in 1838, and the members worshipped in each houses until 1842. By the 1890s, the members were ready for a newer building, and they contracted with master architect Samuel Hannaford to design it. Hannaford had designed numerous Cincinnati-area churches by this time, concentrating on the Gothic Revival and Romanesque Revival styles. Completed in 1896, the building was functionally unchanged for its first thirty years, although the first of multiple additions was constructed in 1926.</p><br>
<p>The church occupies a corner lot at the heart of the Westwood neighborhood. A clear example of the Gothic Revival style, the church is distinguished by a tall steeple crowned by a yet taller spire. The overall massing of the building is composed by its multi-gabled form and extensive fenestration, filled with stained glass, and the exterior is covered with rough-faced ashlar stonework. Slates cover the roof, and elements of copper and sandstone are prominent, due to the copper covering on the eight-sided spire and the large sandstone lintels surrounding the windows in the belfry and the main section of the building. Much of the building&#39;s ornamentation is also placed on the steeple, including windows with fleurs de lis and quatrefoils in their designs, and buttresses supporting the overall structure.</p><br>
<p>In 1974, central Westwood was designated a historic district, the Westwood Town Center Historic District, and listed on the National Register of Historic Places, and the church (now part of the United Methodist Church) was included as one of the district&#39;s contributing properties. Six years later, the church was individually listed on the Register, along with more than fifty other Hannaford-designed buildings in the Cincinnati area; like most of the other buildings in the group, it qualified for designation because of its historically significant architecture.</p><br>
<p>The James Whallon House is a historic former farmhouse in the village of Greenhills near Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. It was at least the third Ohio home of James Whallon and his family, who settled in the region in 1800, purchased the land around the present house in 1806, and built a log cabin on the property before constructing the present house in 1816.</p><br>
<p>The Whallon House is a brick structure, two stories tall and topped with a gabled roof. After military service during the War of 1812, Whallon constructed the house himself, using clay to make the bricks by hand. James Whallon was a leading member of society into the second third of the nineteenth century. Besides farming, he operated a distillery that produced whiskey and brandy, and he held office as a justice of the peace from 1818 to 1835. In his later years, he joined the temperance movement (and consequently closed his distillery) and participated in education, building a school on the site of his log cabin.</p><br>
<p>Since Whallon&#39;s lifetime, his house has served a variety of purposes. For a time, it was the home of George Marquardt, but it has since ceased to be used for residential purposes; in the third quarter of the twentieth century, it was used as a community center. During the Great Depression, the village of Greenhills was constructed as a planned community; putting the former Winton Road farmhouse within the village. Today, the house at 11000 Winton Road is the location of the Greenhills village offices.</p><br>
<p>In 1973, the James Whallon House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It qualified for inclusion both because of its well-preserved historic Federal architecture and because of its connection to James Whallon.</p><br>
